RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever e analisar a saudabilidade dos estabelecimentos com venda formal e informal de alimentos em terminais rodoviários da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS Realizou-se auditoria em 156 estabelecimentos formais e 127 pontos informais de venda de alimentos localizados em 14 terminais rodoviários das cinco cidades mais populosas da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Foram calculadas proporções de tipos de estabelecimentos e médias (IC95%) de indicadores de disponibilidade de alimentos nos ambientes formal e informal. Para o ambiente formal, foram descritos preços, proporções das formas de pagamento aceitas, dias e horários de funcionamento e categorias de alimentos com propaganda exposta. RESULTADOS A saudabilidade dos pontos de venda de alimentos nos terminais rodoviários era baixa (inferior a 36%). Em média, estavam disponíveis para compra 250% mais subgrupos de alimentos ultraprocessados do que in natura ou minimamente processados. Adquirir comida nesses locais era conveniente porque diversas formas de pagamento estavam disponíveis e os horários de funcionamento dos estabelecimentos acompanhavam os picos de movimentação. Além disso, 73,3% das propagandas se referiam a bebidas ultraprocessadas e o custo-benefício da compra de alimentos ultraprocessados era melhor que o de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados. CONCLUSÃO O ambiente alimentar dos terminais rodoviários da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro promove uma alimentação não saudável. Políticas públicas de regulação devem se concentrar em iniciativas que limitem a ampla disponibilidade e publicidade de alimentos ultraprocessados nesses espaços de grande circulação de pessoas.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE To describe and analyze the healthiness of formal and informal food establishments in bus terminals of the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. METHOD An audit was conducted in 156 formal and 127 informal food establishments located in 14 bus terminals of the five most populous cities of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Proportions of types of establishments and means (95%CI) of food availability indicators in formal and informal settings were calculated. For the formal setting, prices, proportions of accepted payment methods, days and hours of operation, and food categories with displayed advertising were described. RESULTS The healthiness of food establishments in bus terminals was low (less than 36%). On average, ultra-processed food subgroups were 250% more available for purchase than fresh or minimally processed food. Purchasing food at these places was convenient because several forms of payment were available, and the opening hours of the establishments followed the peaks of movement. In addition, 73.3% of the advertising referred to ultra-processed drinks, and the cost-benefit of buying ultra-processed food was better than fresh or minimally processed food. CONCLUSION The food environment of bus terminals in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro promotes unhealthy eating. Regulatory public policies should focus on initiatives to limit the wide availability and advertising of ultra-processed food in spaces of great circulation of people.

ABSTRACT In-depth knowledge of total soil organic phosphorus (TPO) as a potential P source for plants allows for a comprehensive understanding of the adoption of an efficient management system of phosphorus fertilization in forest plantations. Thus, we aimed to compare three TPO extraction methods (Hedley; Bowman; Bowman and Moir) in different Eucalyptus plantations on strongly weathered soils. The TPO concentrations obtained by the “Hedley” (mean of 130 mg kg–1), and “Bowman and Moir” methods (mean of 131 mg kg–1) were similar. The “Bowman” method extracted less than 50 % of the TPO content extracted by the other methods. Both “Hedley” and “Bowman and Moir” methods showed similar TPO extraction efficiency compared to TP determined by acid digestion. However, the “Hedley” method is the most expensive and time-consuming analytical technique. In view of this, the NaOH+Na2EDTA extractor (Bowman and Moir) would be the most suitable since, in addition to showing high extraction efficiency, it offers fast analysis execution, low analytical error, and lower cost.

Resumo O artigo objetiva identificar infrações à NBCAL e analisar o conteúdo das mensagens postadas na rede social Instagram. Estudo de abordagem quali-quantitativa, com amostra de conveniência composta por perfis identificados por meio de termos específicos, precedidos do símbolo hashtag (#). A coleta de dados foi realizada durante dois meses por pesquisadores treinados, por meio de questionário estruturado. Calculou-se a frequência de promoção de produtos que caracterizava violação à NBCAL, segundo categoria e fabricante. As mensagens foram analisadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Foram identificadas 64 contas pessoais de mulheres mães com infrações em 89 produtos, a maioria alimentos (n = 72), sendo os compostos lácteos (54,2%) e as fórmulas infantis para lactentes (45,8%) os mais divulgados. Duas categorias temáticas emergiram dos textos postados, uma relativa à qualidade dos produtos e a outra sobre a dificuldade com a amamentação, especialmente a baixa produção de leite. O estudo identificou violações à NBCAL na rede social Instagram, alertando para a necessidade do reconhecimento do marketing digital para incluí-lo nas regras impostas pela norma no contexto virtual, considerando a capilaridade das redes sociais na divulgação de informações para o público em questão.

Abstract The article aims to identify NBCAL violations and analyze the content of messages posted on the Instagram social network. This qualitative-quantitative study consisted of a convenience sample of profiles identified through specific terms preceded by the hashtag symbol (#). Data were collected for two months by trained researchers using a structured questionnaire. We calculated the product promotion frequency that characterized violation of the NBCAL per category and manufacturer. The messages were analyzed using the content analysis technique. We identified 64 personal accounts of mothers with violations in 89 products, mainly food (n = 72), dairy compounds (54.2%), and infant formulas (45.8%) were the most publicized. Two thematic categories emerged from the posted texts, one related to the quality of the products and the other about breastfeeding difficulty, especially low milk production. The study identified NBCAL violations on the Instagram social network, alerting the need to recognize digital marketing to include it in the rules imposed by the Norm in the virtual context, considering the capillarity of social networks in disseminating information to the public in question.

Abstract Background: Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) manifests as ulcers and atrophic white scars on the lower extremities. The main known etiopathogenesis is hypercoagulability with thrombus formation, followed by inflammation. Thrombophilia, collagen and myeloproliferative diseases may induce LV, but the idiopathic (primary) form predominates. Bartonella spp. may cause intra-endothelial infection and skin manifestations caused by these bacteria may be diverse, including leukocytoclastic vasculitis and ulcers. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of bacteremia by Bartonella spp. in patients with difficult-to-control chronic ulcers diagnosed as primary LV. Methods: Questionnaires and molecular tests (conventional PCR, nested PCR and real-time PCR) were applied and liquid and solid cultures were performed in the blood samples and blood clot of 16 LV patients and 32 healthy volunteers. Results: Bartonella henselae DNA was detected in 25% of LV patients and in 12.5% of control subjects but failed to reach statistically significant differences (p = 0.413). Study limitations: Due to the rarity of primary LV, the number of patients studied was small and there was greater exposure of the control group to risk factors for Bartonella spp. infection. Conclusion: Although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups, the DNA of B. henselae was detected in one of every four patients, which reinforces the need to investigate Bartonella spp. in patients with primary LV.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report on the experience of nurses from the Street Clinic in caring for the Indigenous Venezuelan population of the Warao ethnic group in Maceió/AL based on Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Theory. Metodology: A descriptive study, of the experience report type, based on the care of the Warao Indigenous population in the light of Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Theory, carried out during the year 2022. Results: Light technologies were used to form bonds and understand the cultural universe of the Warao people. The concepts of preservation, accommodation and cultural restructuring of care from Leininger’s transcultural theory helped to elucidate the practice. Comprehensive care was offered in accordance with the programs recommended by the Ministry of Health, with transcultural care, including respect for refusal of care. The language barrier and health beliefs represented challenges in the context of singular care. Final considerations: The experience of nurses from the Street Clinic in caring for the Indigenous population favored significant social interaction and expanded the possibilities for achieving comprehensive health care. The application of Transcultural Theory proved to be an effective and congruent device for health care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Referir la experiencia de enfermeros de una Unidad Sanitaria Móvil en la atención a la población indígena venezolana de la etnia Warao, en Maceió/AL, a partir de la Teoría Transcultural de Madeleine Leininger. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, del tipo informe de experiencia, basado en la atención a la población indígena Warao a la luz de la Teoría Transcultural de Madeleine Leininger, realizado durante el año 2022. Resultados: Se utilizaron tecnologías leves para crear vínculos y comprender el universo cultural del pueblo Warao. Los conceptos de preservación, acomodación y reestructuración cultural de los cuidados de la teoría transcultural de Leininger ayudaron a dilucidar la práctica. Se ofreció atención integral según los programas recomendados por el Ministerio de Salud, con atención transcultural y se respetó el rechazo a la atención. La barrera lingüística y las creencias sanitarias representaron desafíos en el contexto de la atención singular. Conclusión: La experiencia de los enfermeros de la Unidad Sanitaria Móvil en la atención a la población indígena favoreció mucho la interacción social y amplió las posibilidades de lograr una atención sanitaria integral. La aplicación de la Teoría Transcultural demostró ser un dispositivo eficaz y adecuado para el cuidado de la salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de enfermeiros do Consultório na Rua no cuidado à população indígena venezuelana da etnia Warao em Maceió/AL a partir da Teoria Transcultural de Madeleine Leininger. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, a partir do cuidado da população indígena Warao à luz da Teoria Transcultural de Madeleine Leininger, realizado durante o ano de 2022. Resultados: Utilizaram-se tecnologias leves para formação de vínculo e compreensão do universo cultural do povo Warao. Os conceitos de preservação, acomodação e reestruturação cultural do cuidado da teoria Transcultural de Leininger contribuíram para elucidar a prática vivenciada. Ofertou-se uma atenção integral conforme os programas preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde, com cuidado transcultural, inclusive com respeito à recusa de assistência. A barreira linguística e as crenças no que tange à saúde representaram desafios no contexto do cuidado singular. Conclusão: A experiência de enfermeiros do Consultório na Rua no cuidado a população indígena favoreceu uma significativa interação social e ampliou as possibilidades para o alcance da integralidade em saúde. A aplicação da Teoria Transcultural se mostrou como um dispositivo eficaz e congruente para o cuidado em saúde.

ABSTRACT Toxoplasmosis is an infection of vast worldwide distribution whose etiologic agent is Toxoplasma gondii. This disease can cause problems ranging from mild symptoms to serious conditions, such as encephalitis, miscarriage and blindness. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to perform a diagnosis with reproducible techniques in order to obtain a good prognosis. The aim of this review was to analyze the efficiency of toxoplasmosis diagnostic techniques based on sensitivity and specificity results. Five research platforms in English language were used (Eric, Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO), which contained data on the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The search and selection were performed for studies published prior to June 2021. The search resulted in the inclusion of 13 articles published from 2005 to 2020. The data revealed the use of different samples in the standardization of techniques such as serum, total blood, colostrum and amniotic fluid. The flow cytometry, lateral flow immunoassay and qPCR techniques showed 100% sensitivity, whereas the ELISA, western blotting, qPCR and RE-LAMP techniques achieved 100% specificity. Significantly, the qPCR and LAMP techniques were more accurate when the likelihood ratio was assessed. The meta-analysis identified that ISAGA and western blotting have low sensitivity values and LIASON, ELFA and ELISA, using a silica bioconjugate, also have low specificity values. It was noted that a wide range of methods have high values of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the choice of the method will be based on the conditions and its financial viability.

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the process of kangaroo care implementation and dissemination in the state of Santa Catarina. Method: this is socio-historical research with a qualitative approach, with data collection carried out from January to November 2019, through interviews with 12 oral sources. Analysis was carried out in the light of genealogical analysis proposed by Foucault, with the help of Atlas.ti Cloud®. Results: the process of kangaroo care implementation and dissemination in Santa Catarina happened from the breaking of resistance to the light of scientific knowledge, training and awareness that gradually captivated health professionals for the incorporation of new knowledge in neonatal care practice. Conclusion: kangaroo care implementation as a public health policy configured a paradigm shift in neonatal care in Santa Catarina. Although scientifically supported, it took years to materialize in the state and still faces resistance.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conozca el proceso de implementación y difusión del método canguro en el estado de Santa Catarina. Método: se trata de una investigación sociohistórica con enfoque cualitativo, con recolección de datos realizada de enero a noviembre de 2019, a través de entrevistas con 12 fuentes orales. El análisis se realizó a la luz del análisis genealógico propuesto por Foucault, con la ayuda del software Atlas.ti Cloud®. Resultados: el proceso de implantación y difusión del método canguro, en Santa Catarina, pasó por el rompimiento de resistencias a la luz del conocimiento científico, la formación y la concientización que poco a poco contagió a los profesionales de la salud para la incorporación de nuevos conocimientos en la práctica del cuidado neonatal. Consideraciones finales: la implementación del método canguro, como política de salud pública, configuró un cambio de paradigma en la atención neonatal en Santa Catarina. Aunque científicamente respaldado, tardó años en materializarse en el estado y aún enfrenta resistencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer o processo de implantação e disseminação do Método Canguru no estado de Santa Catarina. Método: pesquisa sócio histórica com abordagem qualitativa, com coleta de dados realizada de janeiro a novembro de 2019, por meio de entrevistas com 12 fontes orais. A análise foi realizada à luz da análise genealógica proposta por Foucault, com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti Cloud®. Resultados: o processo de implantação e disseminação do Método Canguru, em Santa Catarina, aconteceu a partir da quebra de resistências à luz do saber científico, capacitações e sensibilizações que contagiaram aos poucos os profissionais de saúde para a incorporação dos novos saberes na prática do Cuidado Neonatal. Considerações finais: a implantação do Método Canguru, enquanto política pública de saúde configurou uma mudança de paradigma no Cuidado Neonatal em Santa Catarina. Embora cientificamente respaldado, levou anos para se concretizar no estado e ainda enfrenta resistências.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the process of construction and validation of an educational infographic with guidelines for pregnant women and companions in obstetric care in the context of Covid-19. Method: methodological research based on Instructional System Design guidelines and conducted from January 2021 to March 2022, in the State of Santa Catarina - Brazil, in three moments: scoping review, interviews with nurses from an Obstetric Emergency, and elaboration of educational technology and validation with experts. The analysis was anchored in content analysis with Content Validity Index. Results: the infographic addresses care for the prevention of Covid-19 infection, guidance on the onset of labor, when to seek maternity care, and care during hospitalization of pregnant women. The infographic obtained a Content Validity Index of 83.3%. Conclusion: educational technology was considered adequate for disseminating information and assisting professionals in promoting health and preventing injuries to the obstetric population.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el proceso de construcción y validación de una infografía educativa con directrices para embarazadas y acompañantes en la atención obstétrica en el contexto de Covid-19. Método: investigación metodológica basada en las directrices del Instrucional System Design. Realizado de enero de 2021 a marzo de 2022, en el Estado de Santa Catarina - Brasil, en tres momentos: revisión de alcance; entrevistas con enfermeros de una Emergencia Obstétrica; y elaboración de tecnología educativa y validación con expertos. El análisis se ancló en el análisis de contenido con el Índice de Validez del Contenido. Resultados: La infografía abarca los cuidados para la prevención de la infección por Covid-19, las orientaciones sobre el inicio del parto, cuándo acudir a la maternidad y los cuidados durante la hospitalización de las embarazadas. La infografía obtuvo un índice de validez del contenido del 83,3%. Conclusión: La tecnología educativa se consideró apropiada para difundir información y ayudar a los profesionales a promover la salud y prevenir lesiones en la población obstétrica.

RESUMO: Objetivo: descrever o processo de construção e validação de infográfico educativo com orientações para gestantes e acompanhantes em atendimento obstétrico no contexto da Covid-19. Método: pesquisa metodológica baseada nas diretrizes da Instrucional System Design. Realizada de janeiro de 2021 a março de 2022, no Estado de Santa Catarina - Brasil, em três momentos: revisão de escopo; entrevistas com enfermeiros de uma Emergência Obstétrica; e elaboração da tecnologia educativa e validação com experts. A análise foi ancorada na análise de conteúdo com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: o infográfico aborda cuidados para prevenção da infecção Covid-19, orientações sobre início do trabalho de parto, quando procurar a maternidade e os cuidados na internação das gestantes. O infográfico obteve Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 83,3%. Conclusão: a tecnologia educacional foi considerada adequada para disseminação de informações e auxílio dos profissionais na promoção de saúde e na prevenção de agravos à população obstétrica.

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the immunomodulatory profile of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, in the presence or absence of TNF-α, and agonist and antagonists of CB1 and CB2. Methods Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth were cultured in the presence or absence of an agonist, anandamide, and two antagonists, AM251 and SR144528, of CB1 and CB2 receptors, with or without TNF-α stimulation. For analysis of immunomodulation, surface molecules linked to immunomodulation, namely human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR), and programmed death ligands 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2) were measured using flow cytometry. Results The inhibition of endocannabinoid receptors together with the proinflammatory effect of TNF-α resulted in increased HLA-DR expression in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, as well as, in these cells acquiring an anti-inflammatory profile by enhancing the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2. Conclusion Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth respond to the endocannabinoid system and TNF-α by altering key immune response molecules.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sunflower meal (SFM) inclusion on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and respirometric parameters in sheep. Twenty-four Dorper × Santa Inês uncastrated males, with an average age of 5 mo and initial body weight (BW) of 27.91±6.0 kg, were distributed in a randomized block design with four treatment diets containing 0, 100, 200, and 300 g of SFM/kg of total dry matter, replacing soybean meal. Intake, weight gain, ingestive behavior, and in vitro digestibility were evaluated according to the SFM inclusion. The respirometric parameters were evaluated in an open-circuit respirometric chamber. There was a quadratic response in dry matter intake expressed according to the SFM inclusion, with minimum points of 90.56 g/kg 0.75 BW for inclusion levels of 96 g of SFM/kg. A linear decrease in the in vivo digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and non-fibrous carbohydrate and in vitro fermentation of dry matter and fibrous carbohydrates was observed in response to SFM inclusion. These results reflect the higher fiber content of the byproduct, which reduced the non-fibrous carbohydrates in the diets. Despite the change in nutrient availability, average daily gain (299 g/day), O 2 consumption (26.24 L/kg 0.75 BW), and CH 4 production (2.25 L/kg 0.75 BW) were not influenced by the SFM inclusion, indicating that changes in the nutritional value of the diet did not affect the animals’ energetic metabolism. Sunflower meal inclusion decreased the digestibility but did not affect the animal gain and the respirometric parameters. The SFM can replace soybean meal in the diet of growing lambs; however, it has a maximum inclusion point of 88 g SFM/kg for feed conversion, which is a necessary factor for evaluating the replacement cost.

ABSTRACT Objective The establishment of reference values for a subset of leukocytes is common in clinical practice, and ethnic variations are strongly associated with disease development. In Brazil, indigenous people are vulnerable to infections, and few studies have described the health and disease conditions of this population. This study aimed to provide reference values for immunological cell subsets in indigenous Brazilians living in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Methods Flow cytometry and 4-color combinations of monoclonal antibodies were used to characterize cells. A total of 115 healthy adults, mostly females (72%), were included in the study. The results are presented as mean and median (2.5%-97.5% percentiles) for T and B lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Natural Killer cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, providing an average immunological profile for the population in question. Results The relative medians of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in women than in men in a healthy indigenous population. Conclusion To our knowledge, cell reference data from indigenous Brazilians are unknown in the literature. The immune cell results presented in this pioneering study will contribute to the clinical and laboratory evaluation of the Brazilian indigenous population, especially given the important differences when compared with other Brazilian ethnic groups.

ABSTRACT Acute wound dressings can be based on PVA hydrogels, which present many characteristics of an ideal dressing, e.g., fluid uptake, a moisturized environment, etc. The lack of antimicrobial properties leads to the addition of natural active agents. The present work aims to manufacture and compare PVA gels loaded with Barbatimão bark extract, Leucaena bark extract, Aloe vera, and Lavender essential oil. They were characterized by FTIR, swelling tests, SEM, actives release. There were interactions between PVA and the active agents. The addition of Leucaena and Barbatimão increased the PVA ability to swell, but the opposite was found for Aloe vera and Lavender essential oil. PVA-Lavender essential oil samples presented interconnected pores, while samples with essential oil or extracts presented high crystallinity. Lavender essential oil and Aloe vera presented the highest release. The Barbatimão and Leucaena samples’ release may be related to the samples’ swelling, but the initial release of Aloe vera and Lavender samples was diffusion controlled by swelling. Their long-term release was dose-dependent for Aloe vera, while it was a non-Fickian diffusion for Lavender essential oil related to the hydrogel’s relaxation step. There is a synergistic effect when Aloe vera and Lavender essential oil are loaded in PVA hydrogels. hydrogels dressing eg e g e.g. uptake environment etc agents extract FTIR tests SEM swell PVALavender pores crystallinity longterm long term dosedependent dose dependent nonFickian non Fickian hydrogel s step e.g

Resumo Enquadramento: O uso de drogas por mulheres é permeado por diversas situações de violência que se repercutem no quotidiano por meio da exclusão e da marginalização das consumidoras. Objetivo: Identificar como a violência está presente no quotidiano de mulheres consumidoras de drogas. Metodologia: Estudo do tipo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido com 20 mulheres consumidoras de drogas assistidas num centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas. A colheita de dados foi efetuada por meio de entrevista aberta, e os dados analisados conforme a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: O quotidiano de mulheres consumidoras de drogas está associado à violência pelos parceiros, bem como exposição ao risco de violência, à vulnerabilidade e à criminalidade decorrente da presença em cenas de consumo e de tráfico. Conclusão: Existe uma necessidade de desenvolvimento de ações educativas e políticas públicas eficientes que promovam a segurança, reduzam riscos de exposição e atendam às necessidades destas mulheres.

Abstract Background: Women who use drugs experience several situations of violence that impact their daily life through their exclusion and marginalization. Objective: To understand how violence is present in the daily life of women who use drugs. Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study was conducted with 20 women who use drugs receiving care at a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs. Data were collected through an open interview and analyzed using the Thematic Content Analysis method. Results: The daily life of these women is associated with partner violence and exposure to the risk of violence, vulnerability, and criminality due to their presence in spaces of drug use and trafficking. Conclusion: Efficient educational interventions and public policies should be designed to promote women’s safety, reduce their exposure to these risks, and meet their needs.

Resumen Marco contextual: El consumo de drogas por parte de las mujeres está impregnado de diversas situaciones de violencia que repercuten en la vida cotidiana a través de la exclusión y la marginación de las consumidoras. Objetivo: Identificar cómo la violencia está presente en la vida cotidiana de las mujeres consumidoras de drogas. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, desarrollado con 20 mujeres consumidoras de drogas atendidas en un centro de atención psicosocial de alcohol y drogas. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante una entrevista abierta, y los datos se analizaron según el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: La vida cotidiana de las mujeres consumidoras de drogas está asociada a la violencia de pareja, así como a la exposición al riesgo de violencia, vulnerabilidad y criminalidad derivada de su presencia en los escenarios de consumo y tráfico de drogas. Conclusión: Es necesario desarrollar acciones educativas y políticas públicas eficientes que promuevan la seguridad, reduzcan los riesgos de exposición y satisfagan las necesidades de estas mujeres.